Expansion of Aritizia Boutique Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Expansion of Aritizia Boutique - Research Paper Example With a population of over 800000 people, Indianapolis is the largest of the three cities. Colorado Springs follows second and last is Ann Arbor. The economic indicators of the three cities are also good. All have a higher employment rates. The city with the highest employment rates is Ann Arbor. Competition is a major challenge in the three cities. All the three cities have well established Boutiques in the market with the leading in competition being Indianapolis. Colorado Springs also has a number of boutiques, which has been in the market for a very long time. Climate however is on the side of Colorado Springs. With over 300 days of sunshine, Colorado Springs remains the best place to sell light clothes. Comparing all the above factors, Colorado Springs is the best city to expand the Aritizia products.   This research involves looking at the various cities that the expansion is to occur and identifying the various aspects of the city that will make it the best option for expansi on. After all the data is collected, analysis takes place to come up with the best city among the various options. In this paper, analysis of three cities occurs to know which among them, suits the best option for expansion of Aritizia boutique. The three cities are; Indianapolis, in Indiana, Ann Arbor, of Michigan and Colorado springs of Colorado. The main sources of information used in this paper come from various books about the small American cities, the internet and various newspapers. Analysis of the population trend of each city, its overall economic group in the past decade comes about to show the best city among the three cities listed.  Ã‚  

The impossibility of war Essay Example for Free

The impossibility of war Essay Mr Birling uses the word duty frequently. A duty is normally something people do for legal or moral reasons, something which bind them to their obligation. Birling has no legal obligation to keep labour costs down; presumably then he sees it as a moral obligation.  Mr Birling has little or no imagination and seems blind both to consequences of his actions, and to the events in the larger world. He makes predictions about the future the unsinkability of the Titanic; the impossibility of war; and the promise of technology which would have been believed by many in 1912, but which would have seemed laughably optimistic to the audience in 1945. At no point in the play does Mr Birling take any blame for his actions, I cant accept responsibility. And I am nothing whatever to do with that wretched girl suicide. He shows no remorse.  Birling is proud of his status; he and his wife set great store by his public offices and privileges. So sensitive is Birling about such matters that he feels a little uneasy about Gerald Croft marrying his daughter, sensing that Geralds parents may feel that their son is marrying beneath himself. At the end of the play the possibility that he may be deprived of his knighthood upsets him far more than anything else does. Mr and Mrs Birling see themselves as upholders of all the right values and of the guardians of proper conduct. But both are exposed as self-centred and essentially heartless. They begin to try and put the Inspector in his place, through emphasising their own position in society. Both try to hide, or hide from the uncomfortable truths. As Eric points out his father is useless in a real crisis.  It is plain that Birlings motives are not to save Eric from being found out, but to protect himself from social scandal. To do this, he is prepared to he is prepared to distort or ignore the truth. He is blind to thus hypocrisy, and indifferent when it is pointed out. Just before the end of the play he argues that the whole thing is different now, and congratulates himself on having avoided a scandal. Provided their public reputation is safe, people like Mr and Mrs Birling will never change. Mrs Birling is even more hard-faced and arrogant than her husband. She is introduced as his social superior and her manner indicates that she is very conscious of social position, especially her own. Mrs Birling also exploits her position in society to feel in control. Eva went for assistance when she knew she was to have a child. Eva went to the Brumley Womans Charity Organisation for help. The chair of the organisation was Mrs Birling, who slammed the door in her face. Mrs Birling takes no blame at all for this cruel and vile behaviour. She in response says, I was justified. In act one, Sheila accuses her brother Eric of being somewhat drunk, Youre squiffy. Mrs Birlings reaction shows her sense of propriety, she feels that it was very inappropriate of Sheila to say that. Mrs Birling will not believe Eric drinks, you dont get drunk. She chooses not to accept that her son might have a drinking problem. Mrs Birling will not hear anything which could tarnish the Birlings image. She deliberately blind to anything she does not wish to see. She is in complete denial about Erics problem. Mrs Birling takes no responsibility for her childrens actions and therefore would not accept blame for somebody she does not know like Eva Smith. Her concern shared by her husband that Sheila should not be exposed to unpleasant things that suggests that she regards her daughter as a child. Mrs Birling does not want Sheila to hear the truth and tries to get her to leave the room.  Youre looking tired, dear. I think you ought to go to bed.  It could be argued that Mrs Birling has good intentions and is protecting Sheila from the truth, however I do not believe this is the case. Mrs Birling has little respect for Sheila and thinks nothing more of her than a hysterical child. Mrs Birling is a very controlling woman, who does not like the fact that Sheila is developing her own opinions. Sheila sometimes behaves immaturely because she has been brought up without being allowed to develop her own opinions and personality. Only after the Inspector calls does Sheila realise that her mother is wrong. Mrs Birling is to blame for Evas death, as she is a controlling person who abused her power to deny Eva the help she needed. Perhaps only did why she did this, was because she could. In the play each character uses language and speaks in a manner that helps to reveal his or her personality. In Mrs Birlings case, her choice of words reflects her superior and snobbish attitude. Mrs Birling expects others to show her respect and to defer to her opinions. She resents being contradicted, even when caught telling outright lies by the Inspector. When exposed to criticism, Mrs Birling retreats behind words like respectable, duty, and deserving. She seems to feel that she is qualified to judge what such words mean. Mrs Birling describes the inspector as, a trifle impertinent. The Inspector is of a lower class to the Birling family and Mrs Birling is obviously prejudiced against him. Mrs Birling uses complicated words to belittle the Inspector, she feels he should know his place. Mrs Birling treated the Inspector in a similar manner as she treated Eva. She could not see how the death of a lower-class person could be of any interest to the Birlings. Therefore, Mrs Birling is partly to blame, as she did no give Eva any help or show any compassion because she was judgmental and prejudiced against her. Mrs Birling accepts no blame for the death of Eva Smith at any point in the play. She is however willing to blame others. Mrs Birling firstly blames, the girl herself and secondly the young man who was the father of the child. Mrs Birling is blind to the dramatic irony of what she is saying; she is condemning her so without even realising it. The Inspector calling had no positive affect on her at all. I think the Inspectors call only served to harden her attitude.  In the play the inspector is portrayed as the voice for all Eva and John Smiths of the time. Society at the time of 1912 exhibited huge social divisions and for people like Eva Smith life was very hard. The Inspector is an enigment figure. He neither changes nor develops but frequently repeats: I havent much time. Inspector Gooles name is obviously a pun on ghoul, a spirit or ghost. The stage directions talk of an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness. There is an air of menace about him and, unlike all the other characters; he does not deviate from his moral position.  Sometimes the Inspector behaves as the voice of social conscience: You see, if theres nothing else, well have to share our guilt. He points out that social responsibilities have become greater as privileges increase. Significantly, the Inspector himself neither forgives nor punishes. Each character is made to face up to the fact that they must find the courage to judge themselves: only then will they have learnt enough to be able to change. The play points out the need for a sense of personal responsibility in every member of society. Responsibility not only for individual actions, but also for the way actions affect others. Different characters react to their guilt in different ways, when it is revealed to them. Not all show remorse or shame, and some are so hardened that they refuse to accept that remorse is appropriate. I can therefore conclude that society is to blame. In 1912 people did not care enough about one another.

Essay --

The Power of Conformity There are many type of social concepts; however, there is one that I personally experienced through: social conformity. Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behavior in order to fit in a group. Growing up as an immigrant is a perfect example for changing me in order to adapt to a new environment. Conformity can also be simply defined as â€Å"yielding to group pressures† (Crutchfield, 1955). Group pressure may vary in many forms such as bullying, persuasion, teasing, or criticism. Conformity is also known as group pressure. The term conformity is often used to describe one side arguing with the other side by a desire to ‘fit in’ or be liked, or because of a desire to be correct, or simply to conform to a social role. The desire to be accepted and belong to a group is every human’s need. However, how does this need affect an individual? There are many researches that include groups can change their members’ thoughts, feelings and behaviors. There are several types of conformity include compliance, internalization and identific...

Psychological Theories

Psychological Theory Psych525 Psychological Theory This paper examines how a person’s cultural ethnocentric perspective causes them to react to a person from another culture based on the behavior/social cognitive theory. For the purposes of description, this presentation will explore both Irish and Japanese ethnocentric perspectives and how they relate to one another using the behavior/social cognitive theory. Ethnocentricity Before continuing on to describe Irish and Japanese cultural interaction, there needs to be clear understanding of what is meant by ethnocentric perspectives. According to Segall, Dasen, Berry, & Poortinga (1999) an ethnocentric perspective is the belief that a person’s culture is the center of all. The other part of an ethnocentric perspective is that it promotes postive feelings of self while creating negative thought patterns about others (Segall et al, 1999). Behavior/Social Cognitive Theory This theory was built upon the theory that behavior is a learned response primarily learned through social environment (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). Social-cognitive theorists also believe that a person’s cognitive functions allow for growth beyond the initial environmental contributors (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). A person’s culture represents their primary social environment and therefore is the predominant contributor to their personality development. This cultural awareness, or ethnocentric perspective, provides a framework of thought that affects a person’s future development. Behavior Cognitive theory presents points such as; avoiding conflicting stimuli and attempting to meet equilibrium state by means of using their cognitive elements. Cognitive elements are elements such as; values, beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes (Awa & Nwuche, 2010). The social aspect of this theory delineates the thoughts that evaluation of such experiences occur in context with uses past experiences. In addition, the social aspect of the theory helps to explain how as social beings we work as â€Å"information processing machines† (Landau et al, 2010). By the use of this combination of theories, we are able to explain and evaluate in a deeper way two very distinctive cultures. The Irish and the Japanese cultures are two cultures so deeply rooted, their culture serves as a means for further understanding cultural dynamics. Irish Ethnocentric Perspective Ireland’s culture is wrapped around its loss of freedom and loss of self after colonization by England (Howard, 2009). Ireland is a predominately Catholic nation while the colonizing English were Protestant causing considerable tensions towards England (Howard, 2009). The Irish view their nation as one of culture and peace in comparison with England’s militarism (Howard, 2009). The colonization by England, as with many other nations, resulted in a loss of language (Howard, 2009). A movement that picked up speed during the 1970’s allowed Ireland to regain its language (Pinter, 2010). The Irish also view themselves as Celtic, a subset of â€Å"white† (Chan, 2006). This racial identity was important because the English viewed them as something less evolved or refined (Chan, 2006). Irish pride is seen in the fight to regain their religion, their language and their national identity and independence from the English (Pinter, 2010). Japanese Even though it could be argued that ethnocentric bias mostly affects those countries that are diversely populated, Japan can be an exception. Japan is known typically to be composed of a homogeneous population. Japanese culture is known to isolate themselves politically and socially from outsiders. â€Å"Gaijin† is a term usually used in Japan to describe outsiders or an out-group. Prior to the 1860’s, the Tokugawa Shoguns adopted a policy enforcing the seclusion of their people. This policy restricted the contact between the Japanese society and people from the outside (Neuliep et al, 2001). A century has passed by, and most of the Japanese culture still maintains that seclusion mentality towards out-groups. The Japanese culture is an example of how even the most developed county can posses such ethnocentric biases. The Japanese culture is not willing to assimilate out-groups into their society. This perception goes as far as to treating Koreans who were raised in Japan, and speak the Japanese language as â€Å"Gaijin† or outsiders. The Koreans raised in Japan must undergo the discrimination and the prejudice (Neuliep et al, 2001). Conclusion References Awa, H. O. , & Nwuche, C. A. (2010). Cognitive Consistency in Purchase Behaviour: Theoretical & Empirical Analyses. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2(1), 44-54. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Cervone, D. , & Pervin, L. A. (2010). Personality: Theory and research (11th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Chan, S. (2006). ‘Kiss My Royal Irish Ass. ‘ Contesting identity: Visual culture, gender, whiteness and diaspora. Journal of Gender Studies, 15(1), 1-17. doi:10. 1080/09589230500486850 Howard, B. (2009). In Sunlight and in Shadow. Sewanee Review, 117(4), 665. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Maclaran, P. , & Stevens, L. (2009). Magners man: Irish cider, representations of masculinity and the ‘Burning Celtic Soul. ’. Irish Marketing Review, 20(2), 77-88. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Neuliep, J. W. , Chaudoir, M. , & McCroskey, J. C. (2001). A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Ethnocentrism Among Japanese and United States College Students. Communication Research Reports, 18(2), 137-146. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Pinter, M. (2010). English or Irish? Cultural nationalist ideology in late 19th century Ireland. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series IV: Philology & Cultural Studies, 3(52), 233-242. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Segall, M. H. , Dasen, P. R. , Berry, J. W. , & Poortinga, Y. H. (1999). Human behavior in global perspective: An introduction to cross-cultural psychology (2nd ed. ). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon/Pearson. Smyth, G. (2004). Ireland unplugged: the roots of Irish folk/trad. (Con)Fusion. Irish Studies Review, 12(1), 87-97. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Sturgeon, S. (2006). Maria Edgeworth, William Carleton, and the Battle for the Spirit of Ireland. Irish Studies Review, 14(4), 431-445. doi:10. 1080/09670880600984400

Explain Christian views on suicide Essay

In a broad sense suicide can be defined as, â€Å"the act of intentionally ending your life.† However, there are many different types of suicide. Durkheim identified four kinds: egoistic suicide, which is the result of feeling one’s life is meaningless; altruistic suicide, the act of giving one’s life for the greater good; anomic suicide, the result of a major social change that disrupts a person’s sense of order; and fatalistic suicide, the results of excessive regulation, when one’s future is pitilessly blocked by oppressive discipline, such as in a prison or dictatorship. Christians believe that all life is sacred, and therefore the vast majority of denominations are against all forms of suicide. In examining the reasons behind this, a good place to start is the Christian teaching on the sacredness of human life. Christians believe in the sanctity of life, meaning that all human life is created in God’s image and has intrinsic worth. The Decalogue teaches, â€Å"Do not kill.† This includes killing oneself. Elsewhere in the Old Testament, Ecclesiastes 7:17 states, â€Å"Be not over much wicked, neither be you foolish: why should you die before your time?† Prematurely ending your life prevents the believer from serving God to his full potential. This idea is backed up in the New Testament, where the Apostle Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 3:16, â€Å"Know you not that you are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwells in you?† Christians reject the idea of total bodily autonomy, meaning that they do not believe we have the right to do whatever we want with our bodies. The Bible suggests that our bodies are not our own, but God’s, and therefore we do not have the right to destroy them. Historical church fathers have held consistently negative views on suicide. Augustine was one of the first to publically speak out against it. He opposed it because we have a duty of selfà ¢care arising from natural inclination and we have a debt of love that we owe to others. In The City of God he wrote, â€Å"certainly he who kills himself is a homicide, and so much guiltier of his own death, as he was more innocent of that offence for which he doomed himself to die.† To take one’s own life into one’s hands and act precipitously by committing suicide is to look away from God (a final and definitive refusal of trust in God and a denial of trust in his providence, by the very nature of the act itself excluding any subsequent repentance/penance). Furthermore, Aquinas was also against suicide. In Summa Theologica he set forth three reasons why suicide is immoral. Firstly, it is contrary to natural law. Secondly, suicide does injury to the common good because the person’s community will suffer. Thirdly, it is a sin against God because life is God’s gift to man. For it belongs to God alone to pronounce sentence of death and life, according to Deuteronomy 32:39, â€Å"I will kill and I will make to live.† However, there is one form of suicide that some Christians would accept, and that is altruistic suicide in the form of martyrdom or self-sacrifice. Jesus taught that, â€Å"Greater love has no-one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends.† For example, in Judges Samson brings down a temple killing both himself and the Philistines. Augustine said that suicide was rooted in pride and lack of charity, whereas martyrdom is commendable and for the good of others. The different Christian denominations are generally unified when it comes to views on suicide. In the Roman Catholic Church it is regarded as a mortal sin, and the Catechism asserts, â€Å"Everyone is responsible for his life before God who has given it to him. It is God who remains the sovereign Master of life.† The Presbyterian Church would hold a similar view, as the Westminster Confession reads, â€Å"The sins forbidden in the sixth commandment are, all taking away the life of ourselves, or of others, except in the case of public justice, lawful war, or necessary defence.† Even though they clearly teach that suicide is a sin, it is not an unpardonable sin. Salvation is by grace alone and if one is truly saved, nothing (not even suicide) can separate them from Jesus. The United Methodist Church believes that suicide is not the way life should end, but would be hesitant to label it a sin. Therefore, they denounce the condemnation of people who commit suicide, and do not believe surviving family should be stigmatised. Modern psychology has impacted the Christian view of suicide. In the past Christians were guilty of separating physical and mental illness and although they were in support of treatment for physical ailments, they were wary of psychiatric treatment. Even today some fundamentalist churches would see illnesses such as depression as purely spiritual afflictions. In the wake of high profile suicides such as Rick Warren’s son Matthew, most leaders are encouraging the Church to acknowledge that matters of depression and suicide are medical in nature and should be addressed no differently than other physical illnesses. They imply that to do otherwise promotes stigma, shame and restricts the believer’s access to appropriate care. Another reason why Christians are against suicide is the profound negative effect it can have on other people. Suicide does not just harm the person who dies, it is a form of bereavement even more devastating than usual because the family will forever agonise over what led the person to take their life, and if they could have prevented it. This is especially so if the family discover the body or witness the suicide. Suicide can damage close communities such as schools and churches. Wyatt said that, â€Å"suicide can have devastating effects on others. In fact, it can be one of the most selfish and destructive acts anyone can perform.†

welcome to disneys world essays

welcome to disneys world essays Disneyland, Disney World, and Euro Disney sound like magical places, places that conjure up only fond memories and images of the true American culture. Disney has taken this culture to all corners of the world showing the wonders of our great society, right? Disneys movies are some of the top grossing films, the toys are selling off the shelves, and if you look at bus full of preschoolers, a large number of them are bound to be wearing a piece of clothing donning a Disney character. The hand of Disney has grabbed hold of our children, but what do we really know about this stranger? Disney is a large multi-national corporation with its eye on financial success. This success drives this company to exploit the resources and people of other nations while maintaining an image that is respected within the American society. Not only does Disney exploit other cultures, it also produces films, supposedly idealizing American values, that consistently contain racism, sexism, homophobia , and ethnocentrism thereby exploiting our own. Sweat-shops are not a new issue in international business. We, as North Americans, have become painfully aware of the exploitation taking place in numerous counties. However, it is more disturbing when a corporation that has established itself on its values and a commitment to children is paying twelve years old girls seven cents in developing countries an hour to make pajamas for twelve year olds in North America. The hypocrisy in this situation is painful. A company that is teaching our children values is practicing business transactions that are immoral and unethical. Corporate Watch revealed on their website that in Thailand, Disney contractor The Eden Group, fired 1,145 of their own workers in order to take advantage of lower cost subcontractors, 10 of which were found to employ child labor. It was also shown that Disney is supporting the Burmese military dictato...

How Bias Influences Critical Thinking Essay Example

How Bias Influences Critical Thinking Essay Example How Bias Influences Critical Thinking Essay How Bias Influences Critical Thinking Essay Essay Topic: Critical Thinking As our American society continues to evolve into a society with a better understanding and acceptance of its peoples differences, however, there are some ideologies and rules put into place that I feel there is no reason to change. For example, I feel that women should not serve on the front lines of combat and continue to operate within the combat supportive roles. As a female Army Veteran of both Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq, allowing women to have their Military Occupation Specialty be apart of the Infantry, Special Forces, Ranger, and Navy Seals, would cause not only a disruption in our relationship with our foreign allies, but also have a negative impact on unit cohesion among our multiple military services. Even though I feel women are able to do the same Job as their male counterparts, however, I have yet to see them do the best above all of them. All military branches have different standards for females and males for valid reasons which include the anatomical makeup of each gender is vastly different. Our military fighting forces would not be equipped to handle the uniqueness of eliminating those guidelines and have everyone on an even playing field. I still remain hopeful that this would not be an issue in the future, but for now, America Just is not ready. Among the many cognitive biases out there that can influence our critical thinking, there are three I identify with and admit played a significant role in my argument regarding this sensitive topic: belief bias, status quo bias, and naive realism. In referring to Chapter 1 of Critical Thinking from our course reading materials this first week, belief bias is defined as the tendency to evaluate seasoning by how believable its conclusion seems and can affect us consciously or unconsciously. Next, is the status quo bias which is defined as the tendency to like things to stay relatively the same (Baron 2000) and is also known as a comfort zone bias. Last, is naive realism and is categorized under to the group known as attribution biases. It is defined as the belief that we see reality as it really is objectively and without bias; that the facts are plain for all to see; that rational people will agree with us; and that those who dont are either uninformed, lazy, irrational, or biased (Wisped 2014). Unconsciously, I allow my own morals, opinions and beliefs in this case, influence my argument on why women should not serve on the front lines. References Baron, J. (2000).

12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know

12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know 12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know 12 Signs and Symbols You Should Know By Mark Nichol What is the origin of various symbols used in English, and when is the use of each appropriate? Here’s a guide to twelve common signs, including how they developed and in which contexts they are used or avoided. 1. (Ampersand) The ampersand was, at least until well into the nineteenth century, treated as the twenty-seventh letter of the alphabet, but its star has fallen, so that now it is used only informally except in registered names of businesses (â€Å"Ay, Bee See Inc.†), which should be written as rendered; a comma preceding it is extraneous. The symbol comes from the cursive formation of the Latin word et (â€Å"and†), and the name is a slurring contraction of â€Å"and per se and,† which used to terminate schoolroom recitals of the alphabet: The phrase means â€Å"and by itself and†; instead of reciting, â€Å". . . W, X, Y, Z, and,† children said, â€Å". . . W, X, Y, Z, and per se and† to clarify that â€Å"and† referred to a list item rather than serving as a conjunction for an item that was left unuttered. The symbol is also seen in c. (â€Å"et cetera†), an alternate form of etc. American Psychological Association (APA) style allows the ampersand to link author names in an in-text citation (â€Å"Laurel Hardy, 1921†), but other style guides call for using the word and. 2. * (Asterisk) The asterisk is used to call out a footnote or to refer to an annotation of special terms or conditions, to substitute for letters in profanity (â€Å"Oh, s***!†) or a name rendered anonymous (â€Å"the subject, M***†), to serve as a low-tech alternative to a typographical bullet, or provide emphasis in place of boldface (â€Å"Do *not* go there the food is awful.†). It also has many specialized technical usages. Its name is derived from the Greek term asteriskos, meaning â€Å"little star,† and it was originally applied to distinguish date of birth from other references to years. 3. @ (At Sign) Until the age of e-mail, the at sign was restricted mostly to commercial use, in purchase orders and the like, to mean â€Å"at the rate of† (â€Å"Order 1K widgets @ $2.50 per.†). It’s also used in displays of schedules for competitive sports to identify the event venue. Now it’s ubiquitous in email addresses and in social-networking usage, as well as computer protocols, but outside of those contexts, it is considered inappropriate for all but the most informal writing. 4.  ¢ (Cent) This symbol for cent (from the Latin word centum, meaning â€Å"hundred†), unlike its cousin the dollar sign it’s also used in many monetary systems other than that of US currency is rare except in informal usage or for price tags. When it does appear, unlike the dollar sign, it follows rather than precedes the numeral, though as in the case of the dollar sign, no space intervenes. The equivalent usage in a context where dollar signs are employed is to treat the amount as a decimal portion of a dollar (â€Å"$0.99†); for clarity, a zero should always be inserted between the dollar sign and the decimal point. The sign probably originated to distinguish an ordinary c from one denoting a monetary amount. 5.  ° (Degree Sign) The sign for degrees of arc or degrees of temperature, which started out as a superscripted zero, was chosen for consistency with use of the minute (†²) and second marks (†³) employed in geometry and geography; those symbols originally stood for the Latin numerals I and II. The degree sign appears in technical contexts, but in general-interest publications, the word degree is generally used. In references to temperature, the symbol (and the designation of the temperature scale) immediately follows the associated numerical figure (â€Å"45 °C†). This style is true of many publishing companies, though the US Government and the International Bureau of Weights and Measures prescribe a space between the number and the symbol (â€Å"45  °C†), while other publications omit the first letter space but insert another between the symbol and the abbreviation (â€Å"45 ° C†). 6. (Ditto Sign) The ditto sign, first attested three thousand years ago, signals that text shown above is to be repeated, as in a list in which the same quantity of various materials is intended to be expressed: apples 24 bananas oranges The word ditto, meaning â€Å"said,† derives from the Tuscan language, the immediate ancestor of Italian, but was borrowed into English hundreds of years ago. The word, its abbreviation (do.), and the symbol are considered inappropriate for most writing, though the term has often been used in informal spoken and written language to mean â€Å"(the same as) what he/she said.† Although the symbol has a distinct character code for online writing, straight or curly close quotation marks are usually employed to produce it. 7. $ (Dollar Sign) This symbol for the American dollar and many other currencies was first used to refer to the peso, which inspired the American currency system. Various origin stories for the symbol come in and out of fashion, but it’s most likely that it developed from an abbreviation of pesos in which the initial p preceded a superscript s; the tail of the initial was often superimposed on the s. A dollar sign with two vertical lines is a less common variant. Most books and other formal publications tend to spell out dollars in association with a (spelled-out or numerical) figure, but periodicals usually use the symbol, as do specialized books about finance or business or others with frequent references to money. In international publications, when the symbol is used, for clarity, it is combined with the abbreviation US (â€Å"US$1.5 million† or â€Å"US $1.5 million†). The dollar sign is also used as an abbreviated reference to various functions in computer programming and similar contexts. 8. # (Number or Pound Sign, or Hash) This symbol evolved from the abbreviation for pound, lb. (a literal abbreviation for the Roman word libra, meaning â€Å"balance†), in which horizontal lines were superimposed on the vertical lines of the letters, producing something like the tic-tac-toe pattern used today. One of many other names for the sign, octotherp (also spelled octothorp or otherwise), was a jocular coinage by telecommunications engineers in the mid-twentieth century. The symbol is seldom used outside informal or highly technical or otherwise specialized contexts. 9. % (Percent) The sign for indicating percentage developed in the Middle Ages over the course of hundreds of years, beginning as an abbreviation of percent (from the Latin phrase per centum, meaning â€Å"out of a hundred†). Its use is recommended only in technical contexts or in tabular material, where space it at a premium. (Some standards authorities call for a space between a number and this symbol, but most publications and publishers omit the space.) 10. ~ (Tilde) The tilde is used as a diacritical mark over various letters to indicate a variety of sounds in different languages, but it also appears midline, like a dash (and is sometimes called a swung dash), to denote â€Å"approximately (â€Å"Last night’s attendance: ~100†). It has technical connotations as well and is even used as a notation for recording sequences of action in juggling. The name, borrowed into English through Portuguese and Spanish from Latin, means â€Å"title.† 11. / (Slash, Solidus, Stroke, or Virgule) During the Middle Ages, this sign of many names, including those listed above, served as a comma; a pair denoted a dash. The double slash was eventually tipped horizontally to become an equal sign and later a dash or hyphen. (The equal sign is still used as a proofreader’s mark to indicate insertion of a hyphen.) The slash also called the forward slash to distinguish it from the backslash, which is used only in technical contexts is an informal substitute for or. 12. _ (Underscore or Understrike) This artifact from the era of the typewriter was used on such devices to underline words to indicate emphasis in lieu of italics. As a survival of that function, words are sometimes bracketed by a pair of single underscores in email and other computer contexts to mark a word for emphasis (â€Å"That band totally _rocked_ the place.†). Indeed, as I typed this post in Microsoft Word, the program automatically converted rocked to italics. The symbol also appears frequently in email and website addresses and other technical contexts. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! 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Operations management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Operations management - Essay Example This will increase the revenues from high margin sales of food. The report studies the operations management of a prominent five star hotel. A general analysis of the operations management of the hotel has been undertaken. The report also throws light on the operations management in the kitchens of the hotel and the importance of quality. Features like operations management in the kitchens, the rating of the restaurant by Michelin, the customer survey undertaken etc. were not given in the description provided. They have an important bearing on my analysis. Operations management is as relevant in a service facility like a five-star hotel as they are in a manufacturing facility (Krajewski, L.J., and L.P. Ritzman , 1993 ). The operations management is informed by the strategy of the hotel and plays the most important role in strategic implementation. Facility design: The operations management facility in this case is a five star hotel. The hotel has 250 double-bed rooms. All the rooms have attached toilet and bathroom facilities (en suite facilities) The hotel has no suites. There are two large dining rooms. One of these dining rooms is a restaurant that offers an ‘a la carte’ menu. The other dining room has a capacity of 300 people and serves a standard buffet menu. The other bar is a cocktail bar. It mainly focuses on the guests of the hotel who are staying there. However, members of the general public who are not staying in the hotel are also not prohibited from this bar. There are three â€Å"function rooms† that serve as banquet halls for the arrangement of parties, wedding and conferences. Functions like these are a major and consistent source of revenue for the hotel. The returns on investment in property of the hotel can only be maximized by optimum utilization of each inch of available space. The hotel seems to have succeeded in this. However, the facility design of the hotel could have been better if the hotel had left some more open space in

Strategic Plan,Conceptualizing a Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Plan,Conceptualizing a Business - Essay Example It has the ability for catering of services for both females and males in the area. To ensure that clients get quality services and products; to enhance their mental relaxation and improve on their physical appearance. Being a reputable salon; that offers quality products and services at fair prices (Hormozi et al., 2002). Disney has been a leading hair stylist in the city has worked with major beauty â€Å"spas† that deals with top models and wealthy clienteles. Through the three years of experience in upscale salons Disney has been able to create a reputable name in the beauty stylish industry with a strong base of clienteles. Working with her fellow beauticians; Disney is most destined to build this business enterprise a successful undertaking. Forming from this reputation already earned this company tends to attract more clients and continue the growth of the company. Our business company is located in one of Greensted busy streets which is easily accessible to any person, thus our clienteles won’t find difficulty locating us. The environment is conducive with enough space that ensures the clients receive professional services and recreation. Our business provides quite a variety of products and services all under one roof, and we are flexible in the working hours to suit our customers’ needs. The high reputation of our staff and the owner of being able to offer quality services to suit each customer needs will earn us more new clients and strengthen the relationship with our current clients (Karlsson & Honig, 2009). The company will provide services that cater needs of the whole family setting; that are convenient to children, women and men. These diverse services are: 1) Hair services: shampoo, weaving and waving, colors, haircuts, conditioners, relaxers, curling, perms and reconstructing; 2) Skin care services: facials, massage, and body waxing. 3) Nails Services: polish, manicures,

Teva and Sandoz court case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teva and Sandoz court - Case Study Example eral Rule of Civil Procedure 52 (a) (6), the Court of appeals ‘must not..set aside ‘a district court’s findings of fact unless that are clearly erroneous. In the case of Anderson v. Bessemer City, 470 U.S 564, 574, the case does not make any exceptions or exclude any category of facts from the appeals’ obligation. The rule is applicable to both ultimate and subsidiary facts and thus district court sitting without a jury should not decide factual issues de novo. In the case of Markman V. Westview Instruments Inc, 517 U.S 370, the court held that the ultimate question of claim construction is for the judge and not the jury and thus it did not set up an exception from the ordinary rule on appellate review of factual matters. The ‘clear error’ is thus important as the district court that has listened to the case has a better opportunity to gain ‘familiarity’ with the scientific principles or problems. Sandoz argued that separating ‘factual’ from ‘legal’ questions may be difficult and thus it was simpler for the appellate court to review the entire district court’s claim construction de novo that apply the two separate standards. However, the courts have been able to separate the factual from legal matters as evidenced in the case of Options of Chicago Inc v Kaplan, 514 U.S 938. The Supreme Court in a 7-2 majority held when reviewing District’s Court resolution of subsidiary factual matters made in the course of construction of the patent claim, the Federal Circuit must apply a ‘clear error’ and not the de novo standard of review. Justice Stephen Breyer outlined that Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 52 (a) (6) established the ‘clear erroneous’ standard without any exceptions and thus it was not necessary to create an exception to the standard in the case. The court pointed that construction of patent claim is a factual determination and thus must be guided by well-established standards. According to the judgment, an appellate court

Enquiry Systems Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Enquiry Systems - Case Study Example They have discovered that some of their previous customers simply plan their holidays by searching all touristic information about their destination on the internet. They can simply reserve a hotel in another country and they can easily reserve and buy their flight tickets through the World Wide Web. In addition, many airlines has sold travel packages to their customers themselves and they found they did not need to pay a commissions to travel agencies. The managers of Garbett Tours have also found that some travel agencies in recent years have changed/adapted their business to the changes of information technology. They have discovered that the concepts of B2B (Business to Business) and B2C (Business to Consumer) determines the relations of online businesses in new and modern information technology. Having a view on some of successful online travel agencies, they are determined to adapt Garbett tours to new internet based market. The method of enquiry for this case study is based on UST (unbounded system thinking) since the problem is complicated and the source of the problems seems to be the entities which effect each other. Therefore finding an exact source of the "problem", is difficult because we are dealing with the innovations in IT industry, change of the way other providers like Airlines serve their customers, the drivers that effect the tourism industry and the idea of removing layers from the package holiday distribution network. In order to resolve the problems faced by Garbett Tours, creative approaches to the solution are needed which will be discussed in following tasks. Task 2 "According to Poirier (2000) tourism today is second only to oil as the world's leading export commodity, accounting for global earnings of more than $300 billion, or nearly 25 per cent of total world GNP. Over the last two decades, tourism has proved to be the world's fastest growing economic sector, with average growth of 7.1 per cent per year in arrivals and 12.5 per cent in receipts."1(Citation Needed) "Despite these statistics, tourism growth in many countries has not been this high, in particular those countries confronted with various political instabilities that have slowed development in tourism."(JR Ryu, 2006) Political stability and political relations influence the image of destinations in touristic regions (Hall and O'Sullivan,1996, JR Ryu, 2006). "The political aspects of tourism are interwoven with its economic consequencestourism is not only a "continuation of politics" but an integral part of the world's political economy. In short, tourism is, or can be, a tool used not only for economic but for political means" (Edgell, 1990, JR Ryu, 2006). History shows that tourism has been always affected by political instabilities. An example of political instability is the issue of Tiananmen Square, June 4 1989 in China. "Prime time news coverage showed army tanks threatening the civilian population. After that, Tiananmen Square incident Hotel occupancy rates in Beijing dipped below 30 per cent and as a result, Tourism earnings for China declined by $430 million in 1989 alone."( JR Ryu, 2006) (This needs a citation) Other political drivers are the effects of military coups

Organizational Culture and Quality Management Practices Assignment

Organizational Culture and Quality Management Practices - Assignment Example In the same way, technology also seems to be highly significant in the process of developing effective competitive strategies (Hill, 2008, p. 72). Technology makes the production of goods and services to be highly efficient and effective, which is desirable for business activities. Â  Amidst an increase in the number of businesses that are emerging in different industries, the need for high standards of quality is something that cannot be overlooked. Different industries have different ways by which they develop and apply quality standards in their management approaches. The use of quality standards ensures that the goods and services that are manufactured follow certain standards and guidelines. According to Horowitz (2010), quality management is an approach that business organizations use in enhancing customer loyalty and success in their operations. This is because customers prefer associating with companies that are known to have standards of product and service management. In this paper, I will be examining the process of development and application of quality standards in the organization that I work for as a sourcing manager, which is the healthcare industry. Â  Goes (2013), explains that the use of quality standards is something that has existed for a very long time in different industries. The need to develop and use measures and standards in the production process often shows that a business is geared towards developing and maintaining its market share. An organization that follows this trend indicates conscious efforts in achieving conformity, reducing high levels of variations and controlling the quality features of their goods and services. All these efforts are often made with the intention of replicating desirable outcomes and making improvements in the management processes of particular business organizations.

Socialism and capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Socialism and capitalism - Essay Example italism is usually characterized by the competition whereby there is rivalry in the supplying of the goods and services and the acquiring of the goods and services. The producers compete with other producers of the same category; the distributors compete with other distributors for the sale of property, goods, and services. The buyers of the goods and services also compete with other buyers to acquire the services and the goods at a favorable price for themselves. The sellers of the quality and services also compete with other people in their category to sell their products and service at prices that are favorable. At the same period be able to make favorable profits for their companies. This allows people, who use the capitalism ideology to fight for themselves, and one of the involved parties can get hurt, but they will not be allowed to complain because there are no regulatory authorities involved in this ideology. Capitalism gave rise to industrialism since people wanted to start doing productions and they could not rely on the governing body to create industries that could be of use to them (Navarro, 2011 p65). On the other hand, Socialism is an idea whereby the government or the regulatory authority implements rules that govern the planning of the economy of the nation, the production of the goods and services and even the distribution ruled of the goods and services produced in the nation or imported in to the country. The ideology of Socialism contrasts the idea of capitalism considerably since capitalism is all about free markets where property is privately owned, and the owners are able to determine the prices of the goods and services produced, while socialism favors cooperation and the prices of the goods and services are standardized (Ferrante, 2012 p87). Socialism and its ideologies came up in the 18th century to respond to the industrial revolution where the owners of the industries were becoming richer, and the workers of the industries were

Organizational Culture and Quality Management Practices Assignment

Organizational Culture and Quality Management Practices - Assignment Example In the same way, technology also seems to be highly significant in the process of developing effective competitive strategies (Hill, 2008, p. 72). Technology makes the production of goods and services to be highly efficient and effective, which is desirable for business activities. Â  Amidst an increase in the number of businesses that are emerging in different industries, the need for high standards of quality is something that cannot be overlooked. Different industries have different ways by which they develop and apply quality standards in their management approaches. The use of quality standards ensures that the goods and services that are manufactured follow certain standards and guidelines. According to Horowitz (2010), quality management is an approach that business organizations use in enhancing customer loyalty and success in their operations. This is because customers prefer associating with companies that are known to have standards of product and service management. In this paper, I will be examining the process of development and application of quality standards in the organization that I work for as a sourcing manager, which is the healthcare industry. Â  Goes (2013), explains that the use of quality standards is something that has existed for a very long time in different industries. The need to develop and use measures and standards in the production process often shows that a business is geared towards developing and maintaining its market share. An organization that follows this trend indicates conscious efforts in achieving conformity, reducing high levels of variations and controlling the quality features of their goods and services. All these efforts are often made with the intention of replicating desirable outcomes and making improvements in the management processes of particular business organizations.

Nursing journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing journals - Essay Example ical inactivity, and associated medical conditions, as well as medication, are some of the key factors the journal identifies to be a contributor to obesity. The association between obesity and the occurrence of cardiovascular condition is the primary reason for effective management of obesity in accordance to the journal (Nieswiadomy, 2012). In consideration of the prior knowledge concerning obesity and cardiovascular conditions, I find the journal among the greatest works that exclusively covers the topic of obesity and co-morbidities. Giving an epidemiological inference to the occurrence of obesity and other cardiac conditions, the journal is important in relaying information of the global significance of obesity situations. This is crucial for the health care teams and other health care policy developers to prepare measures to control obesity. Giving both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in the management of obesity, the journal is in line with the world health intervention policies on management of conditions for achievement of universal coverage of health. The journal is thus one I could consider submitting for my paper as it gives a conclusive coverage of systematic approaches in the management of obesity. It is thus agreeable obesity is a complex and multifaceted disease that is chronic and relapsing; thus, the authors of the journal identify the challenges it can pose to the clinicians making obesity a major health concern (Haidar & Cosman,

Game Theories Essay Example for Free

Game Theories Essay In â€Å"Game theories†, Clive Thomson contrasts the differences and similarities between the real world and that of the gaming world, through his depiction and analysis of the economics in both environments. To further drive Thomson’s insight, As a group we discussed two main points that are integral in understanding his perspective on the matter. One, the idea of an â€Å"economical pure model,† a scenario that is present in the gaming world as all individuals are born equal. Two, corruption- the idea that venality exists, and can exist the same way in the gaming world. The existence of both of these topics solidifies Thomson’s claims and can be explored through various examples and scenarios. As Smith states, â€Å"people inherently prefer a free market and the ability to rise above others,† a market that is non-existent as the world offers no â€Å"truly level playing field. † As individuals, we are born into an unpredictable environment that varies immensely between people. Whether the variation occurs in status, finance or cultural demographic, it’s impossible to create a baseline where we can interpret all as equal. â€Å"Capital was inherently unfair and those with power would abuse it,† thus there is no â€Å"pristine world† that exists. However, the gaming world offers individuals with the opportunity to begin as equals. There is no advantage to birth in this surreal world, and thus creating â€Å"the world’s first egalitarian polity. This ideal world is enjoyed by the millions of gaming fanatics who enjoy the undoing of â€Å"all the inequities in society,† something which can only be dreamt about in our world today. Ironically, the corruption that exists in our reality is also mirrored in the gaming community. Players can create businesses within the game, whether clean or dirty, a player can acquire currency through their endeavours. For example, certain individuals within the highly popular simulation game ca lled The Sims Online, a player developed a chain of brothels which led to sizeable profit in gaming currency. Another created a mafia that had the ability to red flag other players and eventually push them to be blacklisted leaving them isolated from other fellow gamers. Through the gaming worlds creation of an egalitarian polity we are shown the existence of an economic pure model in a surreal environment. Corruption that exists in society today is also equally present in the gaming world, that which is produced by the player. Both of these topics were openly discussed and used to further empower Thomson’s contrast of both worlds.

My Journal - Chronicling Daily Life Experiences :: essays papers

My Journal - Chronicling Daily Life Experiences It is the start of a new year and I thought I would start a journal chronicling my daily experiences. Tonight we decided to go to the local F.O.P. lodge to a New Years Eve party. We had a pretty good time but what happened later that evening is something that I hope I don’t forget for a long time to come. Still fresh in my mind was the conversation Angela and I had on Christmas night. She was hinting that she wasn’t sure if she wanted to be in a serious relationship this soon after the breakup of her previous one. If that wasn’t hard enough on Christmas she also was to ill to attend my brothers wedding with me in Madison Indiana . To add to all the confusion in my head, on my way home I stopped and got her a rose and a â€Å"happy New Years† balloon. She seemed quite touched by the gesture but also visibly troubled by it. I asked her if she was ready to have a good time tonight and she said â€Å"I was but now I don’t know.† Now what in the world does that mean! I tried applying all sorts of significant meanings to that statement but in the end I decided to just let it go and let events unfold as they would. Fast forward to 2 minutes before midnight. Angela is an absolute goddess, she is very beautiful and one of the nicest, sweetest woman I have ever met, but she is not one given to affection, especially public affection. Well at 2 minutes till she laid a kiss on me that lasted well after midnight. She absolutely blew me away!! The rest of the night was nice, we went to a couple more clubs but that moment is burned into my memory. Everything else paled in comparison. I don’t know if it is possible but I think I kissed her with my heart as well as my lips. I have heard of your â€Å"minds eye†, but tonight I found my â€Å"hearts mouth†................. January 2, 1997 I slept very happily all morning. I guess we were up a little later than I thought. I think my mind is still reeling from last night. I don’t know what I’m going to do with my self since Monday Night football is off, and Buffalo is out of the playoffs.

Understanding Thomas Weiskels The Romantic Sublime :: Essays Papers

Understanding Thomas Weiskel's The Romantic Sublime In order to understand Weiskel's argument on the sublime, it would be helpful to briefly review the influential treatises on the sublime by Longinus, Immanuel Kant and Edmund. Longinus understands the sublime as intrinsically related to linguistics, as being achieved mainly through language and literature. The "linguistic sublime" causes one to transcend oneself. When one perceives an experience as producing ecstasy, he asserts, that experience can be considered sublime. According to Longinus, this effect can be achieved through powerful rhetoric; he then examines the sublime nature of the rhetoric of many great writers, including Homer and Sappho. He also considers the sublime to exist in political oration, theorizing "those personages, presenting themselves to us and inflaming our ardor and as it were illumining our path, will carry our minds in a mysterious way to the high standards of subliminity which are within us" (84). Longinus cautions, however, that writers who strive to achieve sublimity often fail, instead creating "expressions . . . which are not sublime but high-flown" (77). He further elaborates that it is nearly impossible for the common writer to achieve sublimity through rhetoric, stating that, "While tumidity desires to transcend the limits of the sublime, the defect which is termed puerility is the direct antithesis of elevation." Writers easily fall prey to this error, Longinus explains: "[W]hile they aim at the uncommon and elaborate and most of all at the attractive, they drift unawares into the tawdry and affected" (77). Longinus' theory focuses mainly on a sublime that results from a thing or event that possesses some type of positive literary effect. For Longinus, one is "uplifted by the true sublime [ . . . ] filled with joy and vaunting, as though it had itself produced what it has heard" (78). Edmund Burke, alternatively, makes a distinction between what is beautiful (and pleasant) and the sublime, concluding that an experience that might be considered terrible may instead inspire a peculiar sense of pleasure, a delight derived from terror. It is Burke's opinion that human experience with a negative connotation tends to stimulate the sublime. Burke proposes that the sublime is "[w]hatever is fitted in any sort to excite the ideas of pain, and danger . . . any sort terrible, or is conversant about terrible objects, or operates in a manner analogous to terror" (36). Burke's sublime is achieved through a type of indirect or derived terror, in which one experiences pleasure in the face of pain or terror.

Ethical Issues with the Software Piracy Issue

Computer ethics deals with moral responsibility of what is wrong and right. Based on ? Importance of Computer Ethics and Software Piracy? article, software piracy is copying, distributing, and using software or games without paying. Software Piracy is a form of ethical issue that is hard to solve in society, especially among students of Faculty of Computer Science University of Indonesia. Based on writer observation in campus, students are still using pirated software, including using, duplicating, and distributing it to their friends.This attitude of course violates developer’s intellectual property. The article also mentions about intellectual property and penalties for those who violate computer ethics laws. Intellectual property is including images, patents, procedures, videos, audios, and drawings. For those who violate someone’s intellectual property will be given penalties—paying hefty fines to extensive prison time. But even so, it seems the penalties are still blurring for students. Nowadays, information technology has widely grow and used by human.Computer technology, both hardware and software has been widely approved as an intellectual property. The fast growth of technology innovation, especially software, is open for public and can be easily accessed by public via internet. It is the same for software piracy. Serial key, hack-version, and more other ways are easily accessible and widely available. Based on ? Ethical Issues in Software Piracy? article, someone should have a moral responsibility in using software. So, from internal-self of user should be aware of someone’s intellectual property.W. D. Ross stated ? The Right and the Good? as our guideline to prove our moral responsibility toward software and/or its developer. Software piracy would cause loss of revenue for the developer. Thus, it will decrease developer’s motivation in designing new software. Impacts of software piracy explained above are mostly occ urred because of human and economic factor. Based on the article, software piracy occurred mostly in developing-countries; because of their low economics (from GDP per capita), they find it harder to purchase software.Indonesia is one of developing-countries, so it can be concluded roughly that Indonesian people hard to pay for software. In smaller scale, Indonesian social levels have a representative number of users in technology. Social level is about divided in three level; low, medium, and high class. In Faculty of Computers and Society, students also varied in social level or economic level. Some students have Iphone, Windows Phone, or tablets, but some don’t. In general, there is no difference among those levels. Every student is using technology. But in majority, students didn’t put much attention toward software piracy issues.Those who have laptops may prefer using unlicensed operating system than using open source operating system. It is a form of software pir acy—using without paying. In addition, current status of our community is still far from the word ? ethical?. We have not appreciating others’ property as well as we did to ourselves yet. The rule in ? Kode Etik Mahasiswa Fasilkom? , point two stated ? †¦including appreciates intellectual property?. Students of Faculty of Computer Science already know about this rule. In fact, it’s not the same as in the implementation, ignorance being a common habit.Ignorance regarding unlicensed software caused software piracy. Majority tend to have neither attention nor self-control in using unlicensed software. Some may didn’t know that it is unethical. But some maybe already know that what he/she doing is wrong, but even so he/she is still doing it just because everybody—community—is doing it. Our community is affecting us. A student may be an example for his/her friends or his/her community. He/she may use unlicensed software that is followed by o thers. This ignorance habit can damage our own personal ethical which embedded in our heart.Furthermore, we start believing that our wrong-doing is right. In analyzing software piracy, writer think students should have an awareness and moral responsibility. A developer of software may not know that his/her intellectual property was just being used irresponsibly. Student of Faculty of Computer Science should have known how hard it is to make software. They should have aware how long time needed, how many resources sacrificed by the developer to develop software. In student’s point of view, they need it but they don’t want to give more when people are not giving anything.For example, an antivirus should be bought for some prices, but some students found that there is a forever-renew-trial of the antivirus, so that they don’t have to pay. Along with economic principle, ? with less effort, can gain more? , we don’t want to sacrifice more than others. It becam e a serious problem. As a conclusion, how to overcome this issue? It is a professional standard, based on the article; Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) stated that any person who wants to join the ACM should accept ? Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct? which covers the ethical issues surrounding oftware piracy. Writer think we can do as ACM do. Article entitled ? The Rules? also stated that computer artifact—both software and hardware—has rules for both its developer and user, so that they will have morally ethical in developing or using software. It has seven rules which allow and avoid both developer and user to do something about the computer artifact. These rules should be well-applied as a solution for software piracy issue. In the top of those solutions, human factor is the main factor that we should pay more attention. References: 1. K. W.Miller, Moral Responsibility for Computing Artifacts: ? The Rules?. Illinois: IEEE, 2011. 2. Unknown. (2011). K ode Etik Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Indonesia [Online]. Available: http://scele. cs. ui. ac. id/file. php/1434/Kode_Etik_Mhsw_Fasilkom. pdf 3. Thurlow, Max. Ethical Issue in Software Piracy [Online]. Available: http://www. ehow. com/list_6669954_ethical-issues-software-piracy. html 4. Boone, Kevin, Importance of Computer Ethics and Software Piracy [Online]. Available: http://www. ehow. com/facts_5766300_importance-computer-ethics-software-piracy. html

Mia Hamm Research paper Essay

At the beginning of the story Alice starts off being pressured into marring a man she doesn’t even love. Her sister tells her to go get married and live just happily ever after like her but her husband is cheating on her. I think Alice’s call was when she kept spotting the white rabbit in the bushes and began to follow him in the middle of getting purposed to. Also after she fell down the hole the rabbit was trying to explain to her who she is and how she’s supposed to be the champion for wonderland. Stage 2: Refusal of Call Alice starts to refuse when she begins telling them that she is not the right Alice their looking for. I didn’t think she would still be refusing even after they showed her the scroll of what happened. I kind of thought she was just saying no because she was afraid of what was ahead of her if she took on the challenge of becoming the champion. Throughout the beginning and middle of the movie she Lyric Perry 9/22/13 World Literature was trying to convince everyone that this was her dream and everything would be ok when she woke up. Stage 4: Crossing the first Threshold I thought during the whole story I think she crossed more than one threshold. The first one was when she fell down the hole and entered wonderland because the trees by the two holes were both twisted and looked very similar. Her coming out of the hole to Wonderland to me was like the crossing in a new unknown land. Another threshold was when she made it up in her mind that she was the hero and started believing in wonderland and the impossible. Stage 5: Belly of the Whale The belly of the whale is when a character is fully enclosed in the new world or adventure. I think she entered the belly of the whale when she began to accept the fact that it wasn’t a dream and wonderland is a real place. I think that Lyric Perry 9/22/13 World Literature the only way she was going to get out and go back to the real world was to complete her quest and slay the jabberwocky. Stage 6: Road of Trials Alice had lots of trials during her journey such as when the dog/polar bear thing started to chase her and cut her arm. At the tea party when the red queen’s knight, soldiers, and bloodhound came looking for Alice I felt it was a trial because if they were to have caught her she wouldn’t have been able to complete her goal. The road of trials is a very important stage because I think they help the character get ready for what they are about to embark on. Stage 11: The Ultimate Boon The ultimate boon to me was when she cut the head off of the jabberwocky. This was really important because the whole fate of wonderland was in her hands. I think the white queen was depending on her the most because she really wanted the crown and for the red queen to stop torturing Wonderland. Stage 15: Crossing the Return Threshold At the end of the story I saw two returning thresholds the first one when she climbed out of the hole and when she started standing up to everyone at the party back home. When she was climbing out of the hole she was crossing back over to the real world and her normal life. She started telling everyone the truth and saying what she really felt even things that sounded impossible. Stage 17: Freedom to Live I thought this happened for Alice at the very end of the movie because that’s when she really decided to live her own life and do what she wanted. Such as she told the man she wasn’t going to marry him she was going to find someone she loves. Alice starts talking to the man about his business and how he should move it china. Her falling down the hole to me was on purpose to get her to really follow her own bliss not everyone else’s.

Battle of the Somme and Source

How far does Source 3 challenge the impression given in Sources 1 and 2 that the Battle of the Somme had achieved worthwhile objectives? Having analysed all 3 sources, it can be said that source 3 significantly challenges sources 1 and 2 giving an entirely different perspective on the battle of the Somme. Source 1 is an extract from Sir Douglas Haig’s final dispatch, published in March 1919. This source begins to describe the Battle of the Somme as a tremendous victory.Haig claims that â€Å"The three main objectives†¦ had been achieved. † Haig also then begins to describe the three objectives, â€Å"Verdun had been relieved†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"German forces had been held down†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"the enemy’s strength had been considerably worn down†. Haig also claims that as the objectives had been â€Å"achieved† this was enough to â€Å"†¦justify the Somme Battle. † This source was published shortly after the war in 1919, b ut was a few years after the Battle of the Somme allowing some time for the truth about the events of the battle to emerge.The source has some limitations as it was an extract from Haig’s own writing, who was Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces therefore the source may be bias towards Britain and their success in the battle. The purpose of the source was to inform people of Haig’s perception of the battle and due to this being one person’s view, the accuracy of the source cannot be verified. Source 2 is extract from a book published in 1929 by Charles Carrington who was a Junior Officer during the time of the Battle.Similar to source 1, this source was written by someone who had authority in the armed forces, and describes the Battle of the Somme as another â€Å"moral† booster for the British Army. The author of the source states there was a â€Å"definite and growing sense of superiority over the enemy† and by the use of the word â€Å"defi nite† the use of facts is now apparent. In contrast, later on in the source Carrington states â€Å"we were quite sure at the time that we had got the Germans beaten†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and by using the phrase â€Å"quite sure† it is now apparent that facts are no longer the basis of this source.Unlike source 1 where Haig describes the Somme Battle as a complete victory, Carrington quickly states that â€Å"we did not win a decisive victory† but is quick to reverse this by stating â€Å"†¦next spring we would deliver the knock-out blow† showing that he feels the end of the war is near. This source was published many years after the war, but it was published by someone who was there, similar to source 1.Also similar to source 1, this source is the view of someone with authority and someone with a high ranking position within the armed forces therefore their opinion may be bias towards the Somme and the British Army. Source 3 is part of an interview with Cor poral W. H. Shaw in the 1960s where Shaw is recalling the first day of the Battle. Already this source differs to sources 1 and 2 as it is no longer an extract but part of an interview. Shaw starts of the source with â€Å"we did not get anywhere, we never moved from the line, hardly†.This is different to source 1 where Haig claims â€Å"Verdun had been relieved†. Shaw states that â€Å"our men were just falling back into our trenches† which significantly differs to Carrington’s statement that â€Å"we had got the Germans beaten†. Shaw claims that the events of the some were â€Å"sheer bloody murder† and that â€Å"whatever was gained it wasn’t worth the price the men had to pay† which is in contrast with source 1 where Haig claims that the results of the Somme where â€Å"sufficient to justify† the battle.This purpose of this source is to spread light on the Somme battle and release the truth about the event. Because t his source was by a member of the British Forces and who of which is supplying eyewitness accounts of the events at the front line, this source can be classes as highly reliable. Due to the date of the source, it can be argued that Shaw’s memory may be slightly skewed but due to the lack of censorship at this time compared to during the time of the war, Shaw can now freely speak about the events of the Somme.Throughout all 3 sources it is noticeable that soldiers and officers of a higher rank are more likely to support the Battle of the Somme and argue that it achieved its objectives. Throughout sources 1 and 2, Officer Carrington and General Haig are extremely supportive of the Somme battle. This is demonstrated by Haig’s claims of â€Å"the three main objectives†¦ had been achieved† and Carrington’s view that â€Å"we had got the Germans beaten†.However, neither of these men were likely to have engaged in any front line combat within the tre nches during the Battle of the Somme. This is why source 3 proves very useful as an account of the first day at the Somme. Shaw describes the battle as â€Å"sheer bloody murder† and crushes Carrington’s claims of â€Å"superiority† with accounts such as â€Å"men were just falling back into the trench†. Therefore it can be argued that Source 3 significantly challenges the view given in sources 1 and 2 that the Battle of the Somme achieved its worthwhile objectives.

Choose a fashion style or a physical element of a particular style and Essay

Choose a fashion style or a physical element of a particular style and consider how it signifies a social identity. Discuss the - Essay Example This discussion will define in detail the punk fashion style to bring out the unique aspects that define and alienate it from just any other group. Punk is a subculture, mostly of youth with the characters of opposing government, hating authority, with extreme unique hairstyles and dressing, they have the hatred of big business, greatly oppose prejudice, amongst other qualities. They advocate most of their ideas through their music, usually created by their punk rock bands. The emergence of this group dates back to the mid to late 1970’s mostly in the United Kingdom and United States, but today exists in most parts of the globe. Just like any other segregation or group, punk depicts strong distinct features that alienate it from any other group mostly in their styles of music, film, visual art, dance, and what this discussion is all about; fashion. Fashion is an umbrella term that covers style or practice preferences mostly in footwear, accessories, make up, clothing, body pie rcing, fashion, and to some extent furniture amongst others. According to English (2013), the 1970’s and 1980’s saw the emergence of extreme nihilistic fashion that depicted street style clothing, dressing associated with poverty, to express aggression and attract attention. It was during the era when Britain, and the global economy was skydiving, further widening the groove between the rich and the poor. The level of unemployment was very high and young people, especially the uneducated were the hardest hit. This period inspired, and continues to inspire modern punks’ way of dressing; they dress in worn, dirty, tattered clothes. It is also logical that owing to the small size malnourished people, they adopted the trend of wearing tight fitting jeans and clothes in general. Still on the note of dressing, punks consider their dressing as a medium of communication, and incorporate various tactics of doing so. As Kearns (2010), puts it, the punk subculture defines and applies its own intentional and very carefully thought of display codes. These codes have messages that they send out, which usually go against the grain of normal cultures, as they tend to be provocative, vulgar and offensive. In short, their fashion is a voice. The messages most common on the punk’s clothing revolve around Nazism, kinky sex, self-mutilation, political anarchy and other various themes that work to offend or provoke the â€Å"outsiders† who in this case are non-punks. Some popular examples include the â€Å"destroy shirt† that has the crucifix in an upside down posture with swastikas surrounding it, and the notorious shirt prints of two naked cowboys standing face to face. One of the major identities that punks use to identify themselves is through body modifications. Their body modifications mostly include body markings such as tattooing and writing on it or by piercing various parts of their bodies. Surprisingly enough, some even go to the extent of stretching their ears to achieve weird looks. In deeper punk, permanent and temporary body modifications such as branding, implants, and scarification make their identity and act as cues for artistic expression in addition to demonstrating scene involvement and embracing social difference. To differentiate themselves from the normal piercings, punks pierce unusual body parts such as cheeks or noses and implement crude accessories like safety pins and custom bullring design

Describe the different particle shape and surface texture of aggregate Assignment

Describe the different particle shape and surface texture of aggregate and discuss its importance - Assignment Example Natural aggregates are extracted from large rocks found on the surface and underground, manufactured aggregate is a product of the manufacturing industries, and recycled aggregates come from by-products of industries (Best 1978). The particle shape of aggregates has two properties: Roundness and its Spherical shape. Roundness is the relative sharpness or angularity of the particle corners and edges. Sphericalness can be termed as the measure of whether the particle is compact in shape. In other words, if it is close to being a cube or a sphere as opposed to being elongated or flat (disk-like). The higher the sphericalness of the particle the closer it is to being a sphere or a cube and the lower its surface area will be. The smaller the surface area of the particle, the lesser the amounts of water needed for mixing and the lower the amount of sand need to achieve desired workability. The aggregate shape can affect the properties of concrete in both the hardened and plastic states. The shapes vary from rounded to angular. The form of the aggregates can be assessed by observation and the classification in accordance with the table below. Surface texture is a term used to describe the roughness and level of irregularity of the particle surface. Generally, terms such as granular, rough, smooth, glassy, or crystalline are used to describe the surface texture of an aggregate rather than using any scientific or quantitative method (Kandhal et al., 1998). The surface texture of aggregates affects the properties of concrete in both hardened and the plastic state. Smooth particles will need less water for mixing and, therefore, cement material at a fixed water-cement ratio. Consequently, it produces concrete that has the desired workability, but at the same time, it will have less area to bond with the cement paste than rougher particle (American Concrete Institute 2005). The surface texture and shape of particles of

Reflection on research interview schedule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection on research interview schedule - Essay Example I felt comfortable dealing with a semi-structured interview because it gives one freedom to modify questions to suit different contexts. In a structured interview, all respondents are strictly asked the same questions. Structured interviews are convenient when researching on highly professional research topics. The Gibbs reflection model was utilized to reflect on the interview (Van Audenhove, 2007). The research topic seemed to be very specific. The target population was limited to students pursuing the health promotion top-up degree. Proper preparation and implementation were essential for the successful conduction of this interview. Developing a good interview schedule was the main challenge. An appropriate manner was used in conducting the interview. Proper implementation of the interview was key to making the respondents comfortable. The use of prompts like ‘tell me more’ helped rip more information from the respondents. Interviewers projected a warm, kind and easy to talk to the character to the interviewees. Creating a conducive environment to conduct the interview contributed to the successful conduction of this interview (Seidman, 2012).   Creating the overall questions is the first step in designing an interview. The interviewer should ask him/herself, why am I doing this research? What are the students’ experiences on the health promotion top up degree? Then list the questions that cover the topic of study. After choosing the relevant questions, the interviewer can finally select an appropriate question format. When choosing a question format, it is important to ask open questions first. Starting an interview with personal questions can make the respondent feel uncomfortable and nervous. This way the respondent will not give accurate information (Carter and Mankoff, 2005). The results in terms of information derived from the respondents were

Allegory 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Allegory 3 - Assignment Example She only took their old clothes and things from their old life before they got rich. The truck driver was unrepentant. He continued his vices which consumed all his money. Soon, he woke up homeless and carless because his debts resulted to him losing everything. When he went to his old village, he found his wife living with another man, a truck driver who loved her and her children, a man who came home not smelling like alcohol and with red eyes from drug abuse, but one with a smile and long hugs for everyone. That night, the truck driver jumped from the bridge to embrace death that ended all his pain. One day, there was a good eldest son. His family was poor. He had ten siblings. He worked since the day he could walk, selling food and anything else he could at the market. His mother also cooked food and sold them at the market. He had no father. His father left them after his eleventh sibling was born. The good son was also intelligent. He was a straight A student. Because of his intelligence and hard work, he finished college. However, his youngest brother got sick. He needed a heart transplant. The waiting list was long for heart donors. The good son thought about his brother. He was also very intelligent and kind. He wanted to be a doctor. The good son told his brother’s doctor that he would donate his heart to his brother. The doctor was alarmed and said it could not happen, unless he died. The next day, the good son died of aneurism. His brother got his heart and lived. He became a doctor and saved many lives. It was 2666. The state was ruled by robots. Some of the leader robots wanted to kill all humans because they were weaker and less intelligent than they are. Others wanted to preserve them in zoos because they were the last of their kind. Other robots thought that humans still had a purpose. They could be slaves and do different jobs for them. The humans

Company Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Company Problem - Essay Example sales targets for the current year (2008) owing to the continuous fall in the sales of its trucks and SUVs which form a significant part of its revenues. The fall in its automobile segment is also largely due to the growing environmental concerns, likely impact of global warming, and the resultant shift in customer preferences towards environmental friendly and fuel efficient cars. All these factors together have led to formation of several alternatives that could help the company address these critical issues and retain its competitive positioning in the industry as well as continue its rapid progress towards attaining its future targets that of a 15% share in the global automobile industry. The alternatives discussed above are developed keeping in mind the company’s strengths and weakness and its ability to tackle the present situation through its range of products and strategic planning abilities. The Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world. Founded in 1926, by Sakichi Toyoda as a modest automatic looms manufacturing company, Toyota has grown to be a multi million dollar organization and a world leader in automobile manufacturing. The company through its substantial diversification, expansion and R&D efforts has managed to capture significant market shares, and aims to capture 15 %1 of the global market by the year 2015. However, the company currently has been facing certain setbacks due to several factors such as the rising fuel prices, environmental concerns such as global warming, weakening of the yen, as well as threats from low cost car manufacturers from developing nations such as India and China. These factors could pose serious threats to the company’s advancement towards growth and prosperity. To combat such external forces, the company has initiated efforts at creating environmental awareness through encouraging an d driving the sales of its hybrid car – The Prius, as well as by initiating and

Consultant Recommendations World Cup Brazil 2014 Essay Example for Free

Consultant Recommendations World Cup Brazil 2014 Essay Introduction: Sport tourism is a significant part of the tourism industry, which has a remarkable impact on many aspects to the hosting region of the event. The Olympic games and the world cup have a long history since the Roman Empire, however; those mega events have established new developments in which they have improved the tourism industry depending on their geography. This paper will analyze the World Cup event that will be held in Brazil this year and will illustrate it’s Strength, weaknesses, Opportunities, and threats in order to conclude a beneficial recommendations that can make the country having a successful event. Overview: Brazil is the largest country in South America; the population is approximately 200,000,000 people with a tropical climate. The country is culturally rich and well known of their passion to Football as thy won the World Cup 5 times in their history. Strengths: Brazil’s economy is booming and the money that is been generated is being invested in infrastructure and projects for the future. Airports are being improved, roads are being built and public transportation expanded. New hotels are being constructed and more and more people are being employed and trained to handle the influx of tourists in the coming years. Moreover, beside the wealth in culture Brazil can offer to its tourist a magnificent natural beauty starting from the Amazon jungle, Amazon River, and many other tropical rainforests, which exposes a variety of animal species. Moreover, it also offers white sand beaches and bays that line the cost. As a result, tourists who will visit the region to watch the  World Cup will have the opportunity to explore the other aspects of the country that will enhance their experience and promote the destination even after the sport events. Weaknesses: According to FIFA president Sepp Blatter, the country was provided with 7 years preparation for the World Cup, which considered the longest period provided to a country to prepare for the event. Yet, it also considered the poorest preparation according to Sepp. (Rumsby, B. 2014). He views the preparation as less efficient than the South Africa preparation in 2010 that made their revenues from scratch. The infrastructure and the public transport system in the country are not in a high standard in most areas. Another major concern to the government of Brazil and the tourist around the world, who want to attend the events, is the high crime rate in the category of robbery, rape, fraud, and residential thefts. â€Å"There is significant and sustained organized criminal activity throughout Brazil, especially in major cities†(Brazil Crime and Safety Report, 2013). Poverty also is a major derive for crime and the increase of drug addicts in Brazil. The weaknesses could be summarized into the slow preparation (building stadiums), infrastructure, crime rate, and poverty. Opportunities: Besides the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Brazil will also host the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. These sport events will bring countless tourism opportunities to Brazil. According to Whether it be a construction project for the Olympic facilities, or a business that benefits indirectly, such as a hotel or a property located nearby, these major sport events will offer opportunities for almost every type of entrepreneur and investor to make a healthy return (Brazil. Land of the Future, Para 2). Brazil will spend money to developing infrastructure, health centers, transportation facilities and other aspects of hospitality. An increasing number of tourists will be attracted by the World Cup and come to Brazil to travel. Therefore, the World Cup in Brazil is creating a huge number of jobs in the tourism industry, because it requires a large number of volunteers and workers to help the World cup succeed. More tourists also can develop  the economic of Brazil and increase the income for workers. The World Cup can attract much investment to Brazil that can help the business opportunities. â€Å"It is estimated that the world cup in 2014 will generate more than R$ 140bi to the Brazilian economy, between direct and indirect investments. (Global Intelligence Alliance, Para 4). That means these investments from foreign investors can help the economic growth of Brazil. Threats: In Brazil people demonstrated their anger by having a mass protest in different cities complaining about the high cost of living, low quality of education, and the high-cost of transportation (CNN, 2013, para.8). Riots in Brazil raises fear of transporting the event to the United Stated for security manner. There are many Brazilian supporters to the event to be established in their country. On the other hand, some opposition arises and took the world media coverage as an advantage to raise their concerns about the million of dollars being spent on the cup instead of investing it on health, education, transportation, and housing. According to BBC news there was 2,500 people in Sao Paulo who went to the streets and complained about the cost of staging the World Cup in Brazil (BBC NEWS, 2014). Recommendation: In conclusion, tourism industry during sports events is mainly shaped by economic, infrastructure, mega-structure, and political components. They could have either positive and/or negative outcomes contingent on the location. Tourism illiteracy should be eradicated by raising awareness of the benefits of the revenue of tourism. It may take time and effort to educate the people about the tourism impact on their daily life, but the success of delivering the message is worthy due to its future benefits. Brazil is not the first country who had riots before a sport event, it happened before in London before the Olympics games, and the managed to have a successful event(Duarte, F. 2013). We highly recommend the authority and people in Brazil to move forward with their event hosting plan and not stop in the halfway of making an event that will print a positive impact about Brazil to the rest of the world. References Montague, J. (Jul19, 2013). CNN. World Cup only benefits outsiders, say Brazil protesters, Retrieved from: http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/18/world/americas/brazil-protests-montague/index.html Rumsby, B. (Jan 06, 2014). World Cup 2014: No country has ever been so far behind in preparations as Brazil, says Sepp Blatter. Retrieved from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10553002/World-Cup-2014-No-country-has-ever-been-so-far-behind-in-preparations-as-Brazil-says-Sepp-Blatter.html Ford, P. D. (2014). OSAC. Brazil 2013 Crime and Safety Report: Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved from: https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=13966 Whibley, J. (August 13, 2013). Brazil Expects World Cup to Bring R$25b. Retrieved from: http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-business/brazil-expects-world-cup-to-bring-r25-billion/# Duarte, F. (Jul 04, 2013). Futebol Brasil. Deal with it: Brazil will host the World Cup. Retrieved from: http://espnfc.com/blog/_/name/futebolbrasil/id/317?c c=5901 Brazil. Land of the Future, 2014. Retrieved from: http://www.brazil-future.com/home/2014-brazil-fifa-world-cup-and-the-2016-rio- olympic-games/ Global Intelligence Alliance. 2014 World Cup Opportunities Beckon Foreign Investors to Brazil, 2014. Retrieved from: http://www.globalintelligence.com/ insights/all/2014-world-cup-opportunities-beck on-foreign-investors-to-brazil

Stakeholders Project Organizations

Stakeholders Project Organizations To address the theme of project requirements, carry out research and, from your findings, draft Clearly structured notes that explain what is: †¢ Meant by the terms primary, secondary and tertiary stakeholders. †¢ The purpose of a scope document and what sections it should contain. Stakeholders Introduction:Stakeholders are anyone who has an interest in the project. Project stakeholders are individuals and organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be affected as a result of project execution or project completion. They may also exert influence over the projects objectives and outcomes. The project management team must identify the stakeholders, determine their requirements and expectations and to the extent possible, manage their influence in relation to the requirements to ensure a successful project. Project Project Stake holder Project management Project Support Project Manager How a Stakeholders directly involved in a project Figure : The Relationship Between Stakeholders and the Project There are three kinds of stakeholders are involved in a project they are ivolved in a project internally or externally like that . Primary stakeholders Secondary stakeholders Tertiary stakeholders Primary stakeholders Primary stakeholders are those people and groups eventually affected by the project. Who expect to benefit from or be negatively affected by the change of project. In most projects primary stakeholders will be categorized according to socio-economic assessment. Thus, primary stakeholders should often be divided by gender, social or income classes, occupational or service user groups Primary stakeholders a direct link with the business- Customers. Suppliers. Secondary stakeholders: Secondary stakeholders are those with an intermediary role. They can be divided into funding, implementing, monitoring and advocacy organizations, or simply governmental, NGO and private sector organizations. Secondary stakeholders arent exactly participating customer and suppliers. Who is indirectly affected by the project plan. Forestry companies Landowners and or residents not inside the protected area but near Tertiary Stakeholders: Tertiary Stakeholders are those who are not involved or affected, but can influence opinions either for or against. Tertiary- can still have an influence, but are not involved or affected, but can influence opinions either for or against Those indirectly affected by the program neighborhood organizations, academic institutions, elected officials, advocacy groups, professional associations, skeptics, opponents, and staff of related or competing organizations. Local opinion leaders Local media Ecology departments of universities, research institutes etc. Scope Document Introduction: The scope document is a common term for at all document that refines and defines the requirements aspect of the triple constraint of time, cost, and requirements. In this general sense, it provides an overview of what the project is supposed to accomplish and clarifies how those accomplishments will be achieved. It may also provide the team members, customer, and project manager with insight on what is specifically not in the scope. Section contain This section summarizes some of the business issues around the project, including profiles of major customer categories, assumptions that went into the project concept, and the management priorities for the project. Vision Statement. History of project (Before) Assumption Risk Stakeholder User Vision statement: It is important to a project manager vision and scope document. It is also one of the easiest to execute. A project faces some problem when a project run a good vision and scope document will help in this time History of project (Before) History of project section contains a summary of the problem that the project will solve. It should provide a brief history of the problem and an explanation of how the organization justified the decision to build software to address it. Assumption This is the list of assumptions that the stakeholders, users or project team have made. the rest of the vision and scope document should be ready before the Delphi meeting and used as the basis for estimation. Risk It should be generated by a project teams brainstorming session. It could include external factors that could impact the project, issues or problems that could potentially cause project delays or raise issues. User This is a bulleted list of the users. As with the stakeholders, each user can either be referred to by name or role however, if there are many users, it is usually inefficient to try to name each one. The needs of each user are described. Task -2 To address the theme of how to grasp and communicate the â€Å"big picture† (a higher level view of the project overall, rather than a lower level view of, say, tasks for team members) carry out research and, from your findings, draft clearly structured notes that explain the benefits of visual forms of communication compared to, say, text or speech. Provide examples of the following visual forms of communication to show that you understand how they work and what information they contain: †¢ Lifecycle models †¢ Activity networks †¢ Mind maps Give a written explanation of how each of these methods may be used to communicate key ideas in a project. Introduction: Planning and estimating a project has never been easy. All projects have certain characteristics in common. They all have a beginning and an end. In other words, they do not continue on forever. Projects result in the creation of one or more deliverables. Projects also have assigned resources either full time, part time or both. There are other characteristics as well. All organizations can have projects. Projects can include building a house or office building, planning and executing a marketing campaign, upgrading desktop operating systems, installing a new phone system, developing an IT business application, etc. Throughout the course of a project the plan always changes due to certain events, Such as a change in the requirements. In order to support these frequent changes, a Good planning process is essential. It should involve Reducing Risk Reducing uncertainty. Conveying Information to the customer helps support better decision Life cycle models are: There are three kinds of life cycle model Waterfall model V Model Spiral model Waterfall model But I like waterfall model instance of V model and spiral model. It easy to dived into isolated stage. Which is perfect for project because one stage complete another stage started .so it is sure that the stage is complete. Each stage realize on when previous stage complete. Every stage has a miles stone. It is easy to know about a project to se Waterfall model because it has various stages V model: I cont like v-model because of: -emphasize on testing. Time consuming Waste money because of taste in all phases. Spiral model: its difficult to represent its not understandable to project team. Visual forms of communication System acceptance test Business Requirement Analysis Design Code test Integration Test Fig: Water fall Model 0 6 6 Task 1 0 0 6 6 14 20 Task 2 6 0 20 20 7 27 Task 3 20 0 27 27 7 34 Task 4 27 0 34 34 4 38 Task 5 34 0 38 38 2 40 Task 6 38 0 40 40 40 0 0 40 40 Fig: Activity Network Diagram Fig: Mind Map Life cycle model Written explanation Waterfall Model: Waterfall model is a popular life cycle of the project life cycle model . Often considered the classic approach to the project development life cycle, the waterfall model describes a development method that is linear and sequential. Waterfall development has distinct goals for each phase of development.. Once a phase of development is completed, the development proceeds to the next phase and there is no turning back. Advantages / Disadvantages Most-widely used process model Controls schedules, budgets documentation Tends to favor well-understood system aspects over poorly understood system components Does not detect development areas behind schedule early in the lifecycle stages. Business Requirement: what is requiring in a business to do met in order to successes of a project.Establishes the components for building the system, including the row matatiels of a project and other necessary components Analysis: in analysis stage of a project a project manager is accept the all knowledge of a project how to solve it when its solved (project). Design: The design defines the major components and the interaction of those components, but the design does not define the structure of each component. It is determine the external interfaces and tools to use in the project. Code test: Implements the detailed design specification this only for code and Determines whether the project meets the specified requirements and finds any errors present in the code. System acceptance test: Acceptance testing is conducted within the testing area .its purpose is to allow the customer to confirm that the complete system. A detailed acceptance test plan is produced prior to testing which identifies the test to be conduct. Mind map A Mind map which represent a project with a graphics. Mind map is a diagram used to represent words, ideas, tasks or other items linked to and arranged radically around a central key word or idea. It is used to generate, visualize, structure and classify ideas, and as an aid in study, organization, problem solving, decision making, and writing. Mind mapping, on the other hand, is a more intuitive way to manage projects, particularly if you have a lot of responsibilities and its easy to let something slip if its not right in front of you Mind map show the level Strategic, Tactical, Operational And who is responsible for a particular work of a project. Activity network Activity Networks is one of the most popular planning techniques. However, the activity networks diagrams have since been applied to activity planning for a wide range of projects. The approach is very scalable, enabling it to be applied effectively to the planning of activities spanning even a very short time frame. The activity network is a diagram that represents the activities required and their inter-dependencies, their start and finish dates and the time necessary for their completion. The resources required for each activity are also included on the diagram. Activity Networks are made up of a series of activity boxes, each of which depicts a discrete activity or task. It is easy to know of a project details by using activity network such as Early Start Time: Est. represent of the start time of a project Duration: How long time the project continues. Early finished time: when the project complete Activity description: this is which task is depends other task. Last Start Time: Last finished time minus Duration Last finished time: Last Start Time of succeeding activity Float Critical Path: once the resources required to complete each activity have been identified and the activity network updated to reflect these, then the start and finish dates can be added. With the shape and size of the planned area of work now visible, the total cost of the resources can be calculated. There will always be a critical path running through any project, from the first activity to the last. The critical path is defined as that series of activities that have zero float. The concept of float is central to critical path analysis, as it represents the ability to schedule an activity, or sequence of activities, within a flexible time slot rather than having to perform it immediately. This enables the more efficient management of resources across all of the activities in the network. How to calculate Float of a project Reading through activity networks from left to right gives the total duration of the planned work. Reading back through the network, subtracting each duration shows those activities that have any spare time. This spare time, known as float, is a very useful concept in relation to resource scheduling and smoothing. Float identifies parcels of time that can be used to introduce flexibility into the planned work, enabling the more efficient use of the available resources. Summary: project Lifecycles model which represent the Controls schedules, budgets documentation with graphics about a project .Activity Network which is needs for time management of a project such as est,eft lst,lft float,critical path etc, Mind Map It is used to generate, visualize, structure and classify ideas, and as an aid in study, organization, problem solving, decision making, and writing. Task-3 On the theme of team selection and management, carry out research and, from your findings, draft Clearly structured notes on the team working theories devised by: †¢ Tuck man †¢ Belbin †¢ Myers-Briggs Write a summary of how knowledge of each theory might assist a project manager in the selection and development of an effective project team. Write notes that show how to assess the risk of team failure, using a risk matrix to document at least TWO possible risk scenarios, such as loss of key personnel or infighting between team-mates. Summaries the contingency plans you would call into effect, if the risks were realized. 1700 SUMMARY of Tuck man theory: Tuck man model explains that as the team develops maturity and ability, relationships establish, and the leader changes leadership style. Beginning with a directing style, moving through coaching, then participating, finishing delegating and almost detached. At this point the team may produce a successor leader and the previous leader can move on to develop a new team. Tuck man theory basically consists of four thing Forming Storming Norming Performing How to create a project group Storming 2 Forming 1 Performing 4 3 Norming Forming In the beginning step of a project which is forming the team is assembled and the task is allocated Firstly. Team members tend to behave independently and although goodwill may exist they do not know each other well enough to unconditionally trust one another. Time is spent planning, collecting information and bonding. Storming The second step of a project which is Storming The team starts to address the task suggesting ideas from a project. Different ideas may compete for ascendancy and if badly managed this phase can be very destructive for the team. Relationships between team members will be made or broken in this phase and some may never recover. In extreme cases the team can become stuck in the Storming phase. If a team is too focused on consensus they may decide on a plan which is less effective in completing the task for the sake of the team. This carries its own set of problems. It is essential that a team has strong facilitative leadership in this phase. Norming The thread step of a project which is Storming in Tuck man model As the team moves out of the Storming phase they will enter the Norming phase. This tends to be a move towards harmonious working practices with teams agreeing on the rules and values by which they operate. Team leaders can take a step back from the team at this stage as individual members take greater responsibility. The risk during the Norming stage is that the team becomes complacent and loses either their creative edge or the drive that brought them to this phase. Performing The four step of a project which is performing in Tuck man model Not all teams make it to the Performing phase, which is essentially an era of high performance. Performing teams are identified by high levels if independence, motivation, knowledge and competence. Decision making is collaborative and dissent is expected and encouraged as there will be a high level of respect in the communication between team members. Summary of Myers-Briggs theory: The Myers-Briggs personality typology, unlike some other typing theories such as the Enneagram or Four Temperaments, uses a combination of several aspects to arrive at a composite type, based on the interaction and relative weight of different behavioral and attitudinal factors. The types are expressed as combinations of four letters, as follows: E or I (Extravert or Introvert) S or N (Sensing or intuitive) T or F (Thinking or Feeling) J or P (Judging or Perceiving) Summary of Belbin theory: The term Team Roles was first coined by Dr Meredith Belbin, but is now used more generically to describe team types. A Team Role is defined by Meredith Belbin as: A tendency to behave, contribute and interrelate with others in a particular way. It is usually written Team Roles, but can also be found as teamroles or team-roles. Belbin Team Roles improve self-knowledge and understanding among individuals and teams. Team Roles depict a current behavioural pattern ,Preferences arent fixed, since many factors can influence behaviour, whether a new job, promotion or circumstances outside work. Co-ordinator Shaper Resource Investigator Company worker Monitor evaluator Team worker Completer finishers Specialist Co-ordinator: The co-ordinator is a person-oriented leader. This person is trusting, accepting, dominant and is committed to team goals and objectives. The co-ordinator is a positive thinker who approves of goal attainment, struggle and effort in others. Shaper: The shaper is a task-focused leader who abounds in nervous energy, who has a high motivation to achieve and for whom winning is the name of the game. Resource Investigator: The resource investigator is someone who explores opportunities and develops contacts. Resource investigators are good negotiators who probe others for information and support and pick up others ideas and develop them. Company Worker: Implementers are aware of external obligations and are disciplined, conscientious and have a good self-image. They tend to be tough-minded and practical, trusting and tolerant, respecting established traditions. Team worker: Team workers make helpful interventions to avert potential friction and enable difficult characters within the team to use their skills to positive ends. They tend to keep team spirit up and allow other members to contribute effectively. Specialist The specialist provides knowledge and technical skills which are in rare supply within the team. They are often highly introverted and anxious and tend to be self-starting, dedicated and committed Risk of Team failure Diagnosing Team Failure Teams are put together to combine the knowledge and expertise of team members, this helps to gain greater strategic thinking and enhanced creativity in business solutions. When teams fail to perform as expected, an attempt is usually made to pinpoint and blame the people responsible. However, the answer doesnt always lie in replacing the team or firing the ‘scapegoat but in answering the question, ‘what went wrong with the group as a whole and why? Unless we make an attempt to identify the underlying causes, its unlikely the solution will be found. Factors Identifying Six Common Problem Areas No Trust Between Team Members When team members dont trust each other or are suspicious of each others motives, the end result is a team that is not cohesive in its approach. Ineffective Interaction and Unproductive Team Meetings All the complexities of team dynamics come to the fore at the meeting. The meeting is one of the most critical aspects of the team process with strategies and innovative solutions to problems emerging during this time. Poor Role Clarity Role clarity is a must in a team situation. When roles are not clearly defined, this can lead to conflict and confusion on tasks. Losing Focus of Business Objectives If you dont know where you are heading, how can you get there!? At times a team fails because the goals are unclear to the team members. Faulty Analysis of Market Conditions and Flawed Company Policies At times a team can fail due to uncertainties in market conditions and an inability to read the signs of change. Poor Time Management A team should plan its goals and activities whilst keeping time constraints and deadlines in mind, otherwise their efficiency level in managing and implementing a task can Risk Matrix A Risk Matrix is a tool used in the Risk Assessment process, it allows the severity of the risk of an event occurring to be determined. http://www.databasepublish.com/solutions/project-services/risk-management The identified risks are collected into a Risk Matrix. The Risk Matrix includes the rating of severity, mitigation strategy, owner and contingency plan for each risk. These proposed actions are formulated to address the risks that can be avoided upon implementation of a mitigation strategy. For example Impact Probability High No Trust between team member High Poor Role Clarity High Poor Time Management Medium Faulty Analysis of Market Conditions and Flawed Company Policies Law Ineffective Interaction and Unproductive Team Meetings High H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/M Mitigation/Contingency Required H/L Mitigation/Contingency Recommended Midium M/H Mitigation/Contingency Required M/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required M/M Mitigation/Contingency Recommended M/L Mitigation/Contingency Optional Low H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required H/H Mitigation/Contingency Required L/H Mitigation/Contingency Recommended L/M Mitigation/Contingency Optional L/L Mitigation/Contingency Optional Probability / Impact Ranking Chart for Risk Matrix of a project The company or organisation then would calculate what levels of Risk they can take with different events. This would be done by weighing up the risk of an event occurring against the cost to implement safety and the benefit gained from it. Contingency Introduction:A project contingency or management reserve is an amount the consultant or the contractor may want to include the unexpected resources that may be overlooked or tasks that may have to be redone because they might not work for the first time. Contingency provision is to cover the elements of unforeseen minor changes in the technical and design specification. Contingency Plan: A defined set of tasks agreed upon by appropriate members of the Project Team that will be undertaken to manage the Project Team in the event the Risk occurs, roughly equivalent to an organizations various Disaster Plans. Tasks should be assignable to a single accountable resource. Given the substantive effect that the Risk is judged to have on the Project, the Contingency Plan may be relatively short with the realization that if it is invoked, it will ultimately give rise to a larger Project Plan detailed elsewhere. Otherwise, the guidelines for granularity etc. of individual tasks are identical to those described for the Mitigation Strategy. All risks with a must have an associated Contingency Plan If the decision has already been made to cancel the project if the Risk occurs, the Contingency Plan should stat